Here's a machine embroidery chart to help determine which needle, thread, and backing to use with different types of fabrics.  Please feel free to contact me if you see any errors or would like to add some additions.  

Click here for printable Word document

Click here for printable PDF document

Embroidery Chart - page 1

Fabric Type

Thread weight

Needle

Backing

Topping

Other Considerations

Aida

40

75/11 S

A-T, T, or H2O-T

 

There’s no need to worry about lining up the squares on the Aida cloth with the squares on the cross-stitch machine embroidery design.  It’s practically impossible to do, and most people will never notice if they’re not lined up.  The Aida cloth gives the appearance that the embroidery is done by hand. 

Balsa Wood

40

75/11-90/14 S, or metallica

A-T, T or H2O-T

none or WS

Wetting WS may make wood curl.  Dry flat under weights.  Wet wood swells, and becomes softer and easier to penetrate.  Water can stain wood, so if you get it wet, get it wet all over, so the stain doesn’t show.  You don’t have to get it wet, that’s just some advice in case you choose to.  Use a new needle, as paper and wood cause needles to dull quickly, and dull needles can split wood.

 

Blanket Material

40

75/11 BP

C or H2O-C

Tu or WS

Needs good underlayer if WS used. 

Broadcloth

40

75/11 S

A-T, T or H2O-T

 

 

Canvas

30-40

80/12-100/16 S

A-T, T or H2O-T

 

 

Chenille

40

75/11-90/14 S or BP

A-T, T or H2O-T

Tu or WS

 

Chiffon

40-60

60/8-75/11 S

Ha or WS

none or WS

 

Corduroy

40

75/11 -90/14 S or BP

Ha if not to be washed.  C, H2O-C, T, or H2O-T if washable.

WS if washable.

Needs to have good underlayer built into design.

Cotton-handkerchief

50-60

60/8-70/10 S

Ha, A-T, T, or H2O-T. 

 

 Use a lightweight stabilizer. 

Cotton-quilting wt

40

75/11-85/12 S

A-T, T or H2O-T

 

 

Cotton-heavy wt  

30-40  

90/14-100/16 S  

A-T, T, or H2O-T  

 

 

Crochet or Knit yarn items  

40  

75/11-90/14 BP  

A-T, T, or H2O-T  

Tu or WS  

Hoop stabilizer, adhere item to stabilizer.  Use topping to help keep stitches from sinking into the yarn.  Use a design with a good underlay if you use WS, or the stitches will sink after the WS is washed away.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key:  A-Adhesive, BP-Ball Point, C-Cutaway, F-Fusible, Ha-Heataway, H2O-Hydrostick or Wet-N-Set, Ny-No Show Nylon Mesh or Polymesh, S-Sharp, T-Tearaway, Tu-Tulle, WS-Water Soluble

Chart prepared by Diamond Threadworks     www.diamondthreadworks.com 

 

Embroidery Chart – page 2

Fabric Type

Thread Weight

Needle

Backing

Topping

Other Considerations

Denim

30-40

80/12-100/16 Denim needle  

C, Ny, F-Ny or H2O-C  

 

 

Fake Fur

40

75/11-90/14 BP

H2O-C

Tu or WS

Needs good underlayer if WS used

Felt

40

75/11-90/14 S or BP  

A-T, H2O-C or H2O-T  

 

Everything looks good on felt, because it pushes and pulls with your embroidery, and nearly always lays flat.  Okay to use for sample books, but don’t use for actual customer samples or they will be disappointed if the design doesn’t look as good on their actual item.   

Fleece

40

75/11 or 80/12 BP

F-Ny or H2O-C

Tu or WS

 

Gauze

40-60

60/8-75/11 S or BP

Ha or WS

none or WS

 

Herculon

30-40

9/14-100/16 S

A-T, T, H2O-T, C, or H2O-C

 

 

Jute or Hemp woven

30-40

80/12-100/16 S

A-T, T, H2O-T, C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

 

 

Knit Cotton

40

75/11-90/14 BP

C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with C or Ny

Knit Fleece

40

75/11 or 80/12 BP

F-Ny or H2O-C

Tu or WS

 

Leather

40

Leather needle

Don’t use BP

C, H2O-C, T, H2O-T, or Ny

 

Make sure leather dye is colorfast to water before using H2O.  Leather stretches when wet, and it also softens, making needle penetration easier.  Water stains leather, so anytime you get it wet, wet it all over, so the stain doesn’t show.  Allow to dry if you use H2O backing.  May need to reduce density slightly on design, to avoid perforating.  Heavier thread will help prevent gaps from reduced density, but may not be necessary.  Soft leather is less likely to be damaged than stiff leather.  Test on similar type leather.  Use minimum amount/weight of stabilizer, if you use any at all.  If possible, hoop only the stabilizer, and stick the leather to it.  If not possible, then hoop before tightening.  Loosen hoop before unhooping.  Wrap hoops in tape to help minimize hoop marks.  Steam or spray with magic sizing and use suede brush and circular motion to remove hoop marks.  If customer supplies the garment, have them sign off that they understand that you only take responsibility for embroidery work, not for damage to the leather. 

Key:  A-Adhesive, BP-Ball Point, C-Cutaway, F-Fusible, Ha-Heataway, H2O-Hydrostick or Wet-N-Set, Ny-No Show Nylon Mesh or Polymesh, S-Sharp, T-Tearaway, Tu-Tulle, WS-Water Soluble

Chart prepared by Diamond Threadworks     www.diamondthreadworks.com 

 

Embroidery Chart for Fabrics – page 3

Fabric Type

Thread weight

Needle

Backing

Topping

Other Considerations

Linen

40

75/11 or 90/14S

Ha, A-T, T, or H2O-T

 

 

Lycra

40-60

75/11 – 90/14 BP

C, F-Ny, H2O-C, or Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with C or Ny.  Don’t stretch while hooping.  Better to hoop the stabilizer, then stick Lycra to the backing and baste in the hoop if needed for added stability. 

Muslin

40

75/11-90/14 S

C or H2O-C

   
Nylon Flag or umbrella fabric   40-60   75/11 – 90/14 S   A-T, A-WS, H2O-T, T, or WS   Use a heavy WS, or iron several sheets together.  Don’t stretch the WS when you hoop it, or it will tear once it’s perforated and the fabric will pucker around the design.  Use the same color bobbin thread as your top thread if the back side will show.  Don’t hoop the nylon too tight, or it will pucker when it’s released from the hoop.  Wrap the hoop with tape or rubber shelf liner to minimize slipping.  For umbrellas, pull the end caps off, snip the threads that hold the seams to the metal spines, and hoop the fabric.  You will have to sew the seams back onto the spines by hand after you embroider the design. 
Nylon Pantyhose 50-60 60/18-70/10 BP WS

WS

Embroider slowly.  Use adhesive spray.

Nylon woven strap, webbing, or dog collar

30-40

90/14-100/16 S

A-T, T, H2O-T, C, or H2O-C

 

Print the image in actual size, right on the stabilizer.  Hoop the stabilizer, making sure to center it accurately, and adhere the strap to it.  If your placement is off, patch the hole from the back with another piece of stabilizer, and your hole will show your exact placement.  Another way to mark your placement is to first embroider the design on the backing, without using any thread. 

Organza

50-60

60/8-70/10 S

WS or Organza

WS

 

Paper (any weight)

40-60

70/10-90/14 S

A-T, C, Ny, T, H2O-T, H2O-C, or WS

 

Use adhesive spray with C, Ny, T, or WS.  Hoop backing and stick paper to it to avoid creases or hoop marks.  If you intend to remove backing, only use thin T or WS with a light coat of adhesive spray, and do not use water to remove WS.  Best designs are those that are not too dense and have no underlay.  Enlarge designs slightly to reduce density, if needed.  Avoid designs with an outline, which will cut out the design from the paper. 

Pique

40-60

70/10-80/12 BP

Ny, F-Ny, C, or H2O-C

none or WS

Looks crisper and stays above fabric better if a good underlay is present in the design.   

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key:  A-Adhesive, BP-Ball Point, C-Cutaway, F-Fusible, Ha-Heataway, H2O-Hydrostick or Wet-N-Set, Ny-No Show Nylon Mesh or Polymesh, S-Sharp, T-Tearaway, Tu-Tulle, WS-Water Soluble

Chart prepared by Diamond Threadworks     www.diamondthreadworks.com 

 

Embroidery Chart for Fabrics – page 4

Fabric Type

Thread weight

Needle

Backing

Topping

Other Considerations

Polar Fleece

40

75/11-90/14 BP

C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

Tu or WS

Needs good underlayer if WS used.  Use adhesive spray with C or Ny

Polyester Knit

40

75/11-90/14 BP

C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with C or Ny

Ribbon

40-60

70/10-90/14 S

A-T, H2O-T, or T

 

Hoop backing, draw placement lines on back if needed (it shows through to the front) and stick ribbon onto it.  Use adhesive spray for T

Satin

40-60

60/8-70/10 BP

Ny, F-Ny

 

 

Silk

50-60

60/8-70/10 BP

Ny, F-Ny

 

 Don't use H2O or WS, as water may stain silk.

Spandex

40-60

75/11 – 90/14 BP

C, F-Ny, H2O-C, or Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with C or Ny.  Don’t stretch while hooping.  Better to hoop the stabilizer, then stick spandex to the backing and baste in the hoop if needed for added stability. 

Terry cloth

40

75/11-90/14 S or BP

T or H2O-T

Tu or WS

Needs good underlayer if WS used.  Wet thoroughly before removing H2O.

Toilet paper

40-60

70/10-90/14 S

A-T, C, Ny, T, H2O-T, H2O-C, or WS

 

Use adhesive spray with C, Ny, T, or WS.  Hoop backing and stick paper to it.  Best designs are those that are not too dense and have no underlay.  Enlarge designs slightly to reduce density, if needed.  Unroll the end of the paper, and discard the first few sheets.  Embroider on the third or fourth sheet from the new end.  Remove backing from hoop, and trim backing to fit the toilet paper square.  Roll up the squares at the end of the roll, and use adhesive spray to stick them to the back of the embroidered square. 

Tricot

50-60

70/10-75/11 BP

Ny or F-Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with Ny

Trigger

40

75/11-90/14 BP

C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

 

 

T-Shirt knit

40

75/11-90/14 BP

C, H2O-C, Ny, or F-Ny

 

Use adhesive spray with C or Ny

Tulle

40-60

60/8-80/12 S or BP

Tu or WS

Tu or WS

 

Upholstery Fabric

30-40

90/14-100/16 S

A-T, T, H2O-T, C, or H2O-C

 

Hoop the stabilizer, not the fabric, and adhere the fabric to it.  Use a basting stitch to keep heavy fabric from pulling off the stabilizer. 

Velvet

40

75/11-80/12 S

Ha

Ha

Don't use water-removable stabilizers on velvet.  Design needs to have good underlayer built in.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key:  A-Adhesive, BP-Ball Point, C-Cutaway, F-Fusible, Ha-Heataway, H2O-Hydrostick or Wet-N-Set, Ny-No Show Nylon Mesh or Polymesh, S-Sharp, T-Tearaway, Tu-Tulle, WS-Water Soluble

Chart prepared by Diamond Threadworks     www.diamondthreadworks.com 

 

Embroidery Chart for Fabrics – page 5

Fabric Type

Thread weight

Needle

Backing

Topping

Other Considerations

Vinyl

40

Leather needle

A-T, C, H2O-C, T, or H2O-T

 

To keep vinyl from sticking to the machine, cover the vinyl with tissue paper, wax paper, or freezer paper, and tear it off afterwards.   You can also try powder on the vinyl and your hands, but be careful about getting it down into your machine.  If you do, vacuum it out, don’t blow it in further.  You could spray some Teflon spray or silicone spray on a paper towel and wipe it on the machine.  You could tape a Teflon pressing sheet to the machine, over the throat plate, or just place some wide masking tape there.  For regular sewing, use a roller foot, Teflon foot, walking foot, or a dual feed foot. 

Window Screen

40

90/14–100/16 S

A-T, T, or H2O-T

 

Only use nylon, polyester, or vinyl screen, not metal.  Use non-stick pressing sheet and low heat to protect iron and prevent melting.  Don’t slide iron, just press, lift, and move to prevent stretching.  Cut handles on bias of grain to lay flatter.  Use black thread and black bias tape for edges.